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LASIK is a vision correction process in which refractive error is correted without prescribing any external aid like glass , contact lens ,or others. LASIK process has undergone substantial development and is now accepted as a proven and reliable means of correcting refractive errors. In a lay mans language it’s a process in which refractive error i.e number of eye/glasses is removed by LASIK surgery. LASIK is also known as a Laser alternative to glasses & contact lens.

The 5 common Question on LASIK

WHAT, WHY, WHO, WHEN & HOW

What :	LASIK is a short name for Laser Assisted In-situ Keratomileusis

Why :	People undergo LASIK to enhance their natural vision and reduce or eliminate their dependence on glasses or contact lens. They get freedom from glasses & contact lenses and this helps them in personal, professional , vocational social and lifestyle choices.

Who :	Anyone who desires to reduce or eliminate dependence on glasses or contact lenses and can accept the risks of the procedure can consider LASIK. Most people have healthy eyes, but a screening eye examination is required to determine your suitability for LASIK. Mild to moderate myopia with or without astigmatism can be treated successfully with LASIK .

When :	Surya Eye recommends LASIK surgery after a thorough examination & some tools to ensure that the person who desires. LASIK is a really a Right Candidate for LASIK and the procedure will most suit him/her. Generally, age, profession, shape of cornea medical history and refractive error are some of the main consideration.

How :	LASIK is a very sophisticated and precise procedure that combines the latest state of art computer technology with laser precision to correct a wide range of nearsightedness (myopia), farsightedness( hyperopia ) and astigmatism using Excimer Laser Technology.

LASIK PROCEDURE LASIK is totally safe and worldwide approved procedure of        correction of refractive error .
       It is generally done for candidates over the age of 21-22.
       The number of eyes (refractive errors) should be constant for at        least one year, to be on the safer side.

Test Done Before LASIK :

Detail cycloplegic refraction
Corneal Topography
Corneal Pachymetry
Endothelial cell count
Schirmir’s test 1 &2 to rule out Dryness.
Keratometry to find out corneal radius.

Corrective Errors :

The following refractive errors are totally safe for LASIK correction.

Myopia (minus number) up to -12.00 D

Hyperopia (plus number) up to + 5.00 D

However, this opinion may vary for various ophthalmologist based on their experience, expertise & other factors.

IMPORTANT ASPECTS FOR LASIK SURGERY :

LASIK is a sophisticated procedure and involves 4 main things:

Correct primary exam, tests & assessment of eye for suitability & success rate,
Technology status of the LASIK equipment.
Experience of doctor.
Life & Condition of the LASIK machine.

Points to Remember :

LASIK is generally done after the age of 21, however the age of candidate must not less than 18
The refractive error must be constant.
Corneal thickness must be adequate.
The geometry of cornea must be checked and assessed well.
The candidate must not be pregnant or breast feeding.
Should not have Diabetes or auto-immune diseases (e.g. Rheumatoid Arthritis, Lupus,HIV ETC.)

LASIK PROCESS

LASIK is a procedure, though its surgery, but it is not an operation of eye. It involves only surfacing of cornea for correcting.

How Is LASIK Performed ?

Lasik involves cornea which helps focus light to create an image on the retina. Cornea has a refractive number which is corrected by LASIK. Usually the shape of cornea and the eye are not Perfect and the image on the retina is out- of – focus (blurred) or distorted.
lasses or contact lenses are designed to compensate for the eye's imperfections. Surgical procedures aimed at improving the focusing power of the eye are called refractive surgery. In LASIK surgery, precise and controlled removal of corneal tissue by a special laser reshapes the cornea changing its focusing power.
After having conducted all the tests and taking necessary pre – lasik surgery care, LASIK is performed.

Following are the 5 steps :

Step 1 : Cornea Preparation & Setup

After anesthetic eyedrops are put on the eye, and a suction ring is centred over the cornea of the eye. This suction ring stabilizes the position of your eye and increases the pressure to a level that is needed for proper functioning of the microkeratome. The guide tracks on this suction ring are used to provide a precise path for the microkeratome.

Step 2 : Creation of corneal Flap

An automatic mechanical knife called the “microkeratome, is used to create a very thin corneal flap.

The microkeratome is a very precise instrument and a keystone LASIK procedure. This contains a sharp blade that moves back and and forth at high speed. This shaver is placed in the guide tracks of the suction ring and is advanced across the cornea using gears at a controlled speed. This process creates a partial flap in the cornea of uniform thickness. The flap is created with a portion of the cornea left uncut to provide a hinge.

Step 3 : Folding the Flap & Open the Corneal Surface

After creating the flap, the suction ring and microkeratome have been removed, the corneal flap is folded back on the hinge exposing the middle portion of the cornea.

Step 4 : Re shaping the cornea

The excimer laser is then used to remove tissue and reshape the center of the cornea. The amount of tissue removed is dependent upon the degree of near-sightedness that is being corrected. This portion of the LASIK procedure is almost identical to the PRK procedure, except that in the PRK the surface of the cornea is treated without the creation of the corneal flap.

Step 5 : Putting the Corneal Flap Back :

In the final step, the hinged flap is folded back into its original position. The front surface of the eye is now flatter since the flap conforms to the underlying surface. In effect, the change made in the middle of the cornea is translated to the front surface of the cornea.

Schematic Presentation of the Process

The LASIK process is shown here again schematically

Cornea Marked

Place the Suction Ring

Cut Corneal Flap

Turn Flap On Slide

Reshape Cornea By Laser

Pre – Operative Care :

If you are a contact lens user,

Do not use soft contact lenses 3 days prior to LASIK vision correction & do not use
semisoft contact lenses (RGP) 5 days prior to LASIK.
Do not apply oil or perfume on the day of operation.
Follow pre operative medicational information given by an Ophthalmologist.
Wash your hair one day prior to operation.

Post – Operative Care :

Use dark glasses for advised time period.
Follow schedule of drops regularly as advised.
Do not splash water in your eyes.
Do not go to swim till one month.
Take shoulder bath for advised time period.
Keep regular follow ups with your ophthalmologist.
Feel free to ask your query’s to your ophthalmologist.

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